Non-contact radar level transmitters determine level by measuring how long a microwave signal takes to reflect off the surface, with no mechanical wear.
Non-contact level measurement has no moving parts, which cuts maintenance cost substantially.
The transmitter emits a microwave signal towards the surface and listens for the reflection. Round-trip time is directly proportional to distance.
Devices in the 80 GHz class have a much narrower beam angle. In narrow tanks with internal obstructions, that keeps side-wall reflections from corrupting the reading.
Drinking water reservoirs, wastewater pumping stations and industrial process tanks are the most common deployments.
Acoustic correlators measure the delay between sensors placed at two points on a pipeline, pinpointing a leak to within a metre.